Why the Black Infant Mortality Rate is Higher in Indianapolis: A Clinical View

Singh, Mankirth

MLA citation style (9th ed.)

Singh, Mankirth. Why the Black Infant Mortality Rate Is Higher In Indianapolis: A Clinical View. . 2025. marian.hykucommons.org/concern/generic_works/276b7233-3902-46b0-93d8-408f3bf1df42?highlight=true&parent_query=2022.

APA citation style (7th ed.)

S. Mankirth. (2025). Why the Black Infant Mortality Rate is Higher in Indianapolis: A Clinical View. https://marian.hykucommons.org/concern/generic_works/276b7233-3902-46b0-93d8-408f3bf1df42?highlight=true&parent_query=2022

Chicago citation style (CMOS 17, author-date)

Singh, Mankirth. Why the Black Infant Mortality Rate Is Higher In Indianapolis: A Clinical View. 2025. https://marian.hykucommons.org/concern/generic_works/276b7233-3902-46b0-93d8-408f3bf1df42?highlight=true&parent_query=2022.

Note: These citations are programmatically generated and may be incomplete.

Black mothers experience higher rates of chronic hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. All conditions connected to microvascular injury and endothelial dysfunction (Fiscella, 2004). Allostatic load research demonstrates that chronic psychosocial stress accumulates biologically, leading to dysregulated cardiovascular and immune pathways (Wallace & Harville, 2013). Increased rates of preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and reduced placental blood flow directly increased risk of medically indicated or spontaneous preterm birth (Matoba et al., 2021).

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